Well it depends on what you mean by "individual". For example, we as humans are diploid, and clified as 2n. This means we carry two sets of genes, where n refers to the sets of genes. Bacteria, on the other hand, only carry 1 set of genes so they are 1n. Therefore they can only carry one allele and their trait is determined by only one allele. However as humans we can carry two alleles, one from our mother and one from our father, so in our case it takes two alleles to make a trait. Theoretically if enough alleles existed and an organism was 4n, like some plants, then it would take four alleles to make a trait.
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